Havana Syndrome

Havana Syndrome


Fig. 1. “The U.S. flag flaps in the stiff breeze off the Florida Straits at the U.S. Embassy in Havana, Cuba, . . . as President Obama and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry meet inside with members of Cuban civil society.” Image credited to the U.S. Department of State, March 22, 2016, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain.

Matthew Lee and Michael Weissenstein, “Hearing loss of US diplomats in Cuba blamed on covert device,” Associated Press, August 9, 2017, https://apnews.com/article/north-america-ap-top-news-barack-obama-politics-cuba-51828908c6c84d78a29e833d0aae10aa

Byron Tau, “U.S. Diplomats’ Illnesses Likely Linked to Pulsed Energy Attack,” Wall Street Journal, December 6, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-diplomats-illnesses-likely-linked-to-pulsed-energy-attack-11607278210

Jonathan Jarry, “Havana Syndrome or a Case for Eliminating the Implausible,” McGill University, October 9, 2021, https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-and-nutrition/havana-syndrome-or-case-eliminating-implausible

Julia Ioffe, “A Cold War Saga in Biden’s Washington,” Puck News, October 20, 2021, https://puck.news/havana-syndrome-in-bidens-washington/

Nancy A. Youssef, “Havana Syndrome Unlikely Caused by Russia, Other U.S Foes, CIA Says,” Wall Street Journal, January 20, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/havana-syndrome-unlikely-caused-by-russia-other-u-s-foes-cia-says-11642686583

Shane Harris, “External energy source may explain ‘Havana syndrome,’ panel finds, renewing questions about possible foreign attack,” Washington Post, February 2, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/02/external-energy-source-may-explain-havana-syndrome-panel-finds-renewing-questions-about-possible-foreign-attack/

Barry Meier, “Havana Syndrome’s Newest Mystery: Who Gets Paid?,” New York, April 29, 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/havana-syndromes-newest-mystery-who-gets-paid.html

Shane Harris and John Hudson, “‘Havana syndrome’ not caused by energy weapon or foreign adversary, intelligence review finds,” Washington Post, March 1, 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/03/01/havana-syndrome-intelligence-report-weapon/

Lara Seligman and Erin Banco, “Pentagon still probing if a weapon caused ‘Havana Syndrome,’ even after spy agencies found no smoking gun,” Politico, March 6, 2023, https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/06/havana-syndrome-pentagon-research-00085686

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